Sula Vineyards Company Analysis

Company background Founded in 1998, the privately owned Sula Vineyards Company has penetrated the wine industry in India due to its unique value addition approach to the company’s grapes. The company has expanded over the years from the annual production capacity of 150,000 litres in 1999 to 1,600, 000 in 2007 (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sula Vineyards Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through securing good funding, the company has been in a position to develop series of wine. The company has partnered with several distributors to support its business activities. The wide market area for the Sula Vineyards may be attributed for its quick expansion and success. Nature of external environment Threat to market entry It is difficult for any aspiring wine manufacturing company to enter into the wine production industry in the Indian market and manage to brea k even easily. In Indian and across the neighbouring countries, the Sula Vineyards’ business magnitude together with that of its main competitors are well established and would easily enjoy economies of scale to the disadvantage of a new entrant. The Sula Vineyards Company is well position to survive in the competitive market through gaining form economies of scale, competitive price tags, and strong customer base (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Threat of substitutes The foreign and other local wine brands pose the greatest threat to Sula Vineyards’ existence and business performance. These brands have been in the wine industry for longer period and are well established than the Sula Vineyards which came into full operation in 1999. The other foreign and local wine brands have the same products as the Sula Vineyards’. Besides, they are in a position to offer large discounts and sponsor expensive promotion campaigns unlike the relatively smaller Sula Vineyards. Therefore, the other foreign and local wine brands have the ability to offer an alternative perfect substitute to customers who may be unsatisfied with the wines offered by the Sula Vineyards Company. Unsatisfied customers therefore have other alternatives from where they can get the wines. However, in order to remain relevant, the Sula Vineyards Company has established a unique market for its customer through tailored optometry wine products for the customers in the upper and lower economic ends of the Indian and neighbouring markets (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Power of suppliers The wine distributions and raw material providers in the Indian market have more power owing to the existence of many wine production companies. This leaves the distributors and suppliers with the power to dictate on proceedings in the wine industry such the f ees charged for each delivery. However, the Sula Vineyards has endeavoured to use its dynamic promotion and supply chain as a strategy for balancing the institutional forces (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Power of buyers Reflectively, the amounts of output in terms of customer consumption of the wines depend on their purchasing power (Wright, 2007). Sula Vineyards’ performance in the Indian wine industry depends highly on the power of the private consumers and the corporate segments. Fortunately, the Sula Vineyards Company is geared to further penetrate the market since it plans to introduce more products and better funding (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Rivalry There are several wine production companies operating in the same industry with virtually all of them dealing in a variety of the wine product. For instance, the foreign brand such as Guinness provides the biggest competition to Sula Vineyards due to its big market share and expanded network standing. In line wi th this, the Sula Vineyards Company will have to counter this rivalry by introducing more interesting products in its products line (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Company’s internal environment Strengths The stable management team comprising of two directors and several employees are instrumental towards providing necessary support and production of the quality wine in the Indian market. The Sula Vineyards Company has a solid understanding of the Indian wine market because of its series of products and distribution platforms. For instance, the company has different wine products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sula Vineyards Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Sauvignno Blanc, Chenin Blanc, Shiraz, Chilean Merlot, and Champagne Style Brut are some of its products that are created for the upper and lower economic ends market within and without India. The company has strong financial b ase which gives it a competitive advantage a head of its competitors. The company has a strong presence in the wines production industry due to its wide network of distribution channels (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Weaknesses The Sula Vineyards Company has limited its market to the United India since its export strategies to China and Singapore among other countries has not been very beneficial to the company in terms of revenues. This has limited its scope of operations. Some of the products offered by the company are duplicated despite the brand names and signature. This might cause confusion among the target clients. The company has not been in a position to monitor its growth or operation efficiency despite its long period in the Indian wine industry (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Opportunities The business has an opportunity to expand since the wine production does not have limitations. The business also has the opportunity of developing more products and services for i ts global market and the Indian market since the demand for wine in India is higher than the annual quantity supplied by all the wine production companies. For instance, the company may introduce a scotch or a ready to drink vodka brand. In addition, the company has the opportunity of introducing a lower alcohol content drink to target the women alcohol consumers market (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Threats Since the business is a threat to its competitors, they might retaliate by providing the wine consuming market with similar wines at a lower price. This will hurt the revenues of the Sula Vineyards Company since it relies heavily on the revenues from the local market (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, conglomerate diversification would be a threat to this company should the business decision environment conspire against its goals. For instance, changed preference for its wines is likely to affect the element of loyalty of the customers. Strategic analysis of the Sula Vineyards Company Since most of the models of management at the Sula Vineyards Company propose a linear format in decision making, responding to the issues raised by the customers often take a longer time than is expected by the clients. Thus, the company should change the linear approach to a more insightful customer support system. In order to be more competitive, the Sula Vineyards Company should introduce more products and offer free samples and discounts to its clients. Within the wine production industry in the India, the business magnitude of the Sula Vineyards Company is wide and well organized into different stores and has a strong presence in most of the stores and regions across India. The company has an extensive partnership network and very many products that will support its sustainability goals (Birdsall and Johnston, 2010). The company has stratified its target market into upper and lower economic end segments. The Sula Vineyards’ wine products are further classified into premium and ordinary in order to maximise the returns from customers from different social and economic backgrounds. Despite the relatively crowded market, Sula Vineyards has designed and integrated reliable and efficient distribution platform to ensure that they remain the most reliable provider of wine products across the regions of Indian and its neighbouring countries. The performance of the Sula Vineyards Company within the expansive wine production industry in India is highly dependent on the buyer-power in terms of their purchases of the wines. For instance, the numerous products and quality assurance strategies have ensured that the business is geared towards maximising its returns. Thro ugh competitive pricing, strategic expansion, and planned diversification, the Sula Vineyards Company has managed to establish a strong market niche in India despite the rivalry. At present, the company has a very responsive customer support and well organised distribution channel for its products. Sula Vineyards Company has a great opportunity for expansion since the market is inclined to its advantage. For instance, its innovative approach to addressing consumer quality price concerns and convenience via a well organized distribution network is an assurance for rapid expansion into new market niches. Recommendations The Sula Vineyards Company has the opportunity of diversifying marketing beyond its current scope of operations because of its wide supply chain channel. Specifically the company has the potential of penetrating the foreign market segment such as China, Singapore and even Korea. The company should entertain the idea of expanding its operations to all the countries in A sia since the wine production can be managed efficiently from a central point (Parente, 2006). The company should change its approach to strategic insight in execution of strategic plans rather than the current linear approach. Besides, the company should partner with financial providers in order to secure sufficient funding that can support a five year expansion plan. The company may also franchise its supply chain and human resource management in order to ensure efficiency in the use of factors of production and distribution channel (Roberts, 2005). Moreover, the company should introduce traditional marketing approach since the Indians are known to use products they can easily associate with their culture (Cheverton, 2004). Sula Vineyards Company can host annual parties/events and invite target clients along with existing clients in order to enhance the company’s reputation. In terms of personal selling, Sula Vineyards Company can appoint trained sales executives to attend seminars and expos in order to approach target customers and generate business. Wine has always been made in India. However, it has become a part of their culture and society ever since the wine glut was experienced by the Indian wine/viticulture industry. In modern day India and affluent society, there may be only two generations of significant wine drinkers. This is largely due to the fact that the new culture of wine has only been a part of Indian diversity since westernisation (Parente, 2006). Thus, re-branding the Sula Vineyards Company’s wine products to suit the Indian drinking culture will give the company an upper hand in the Indian wine/viticulture industry. References Birdsall, C., Johnston, N. (2010). Achieving brand-driven business success. Design Management Review. 19(2), 67-74. Cheverton, P. (2004). Key Marketing skills: strategies, tools, and techniques for marketing success. London, UK: Kogan Page. Lopez, R., Gilinsky, A., Shah, J. (2009). Sula Vineyards. C ase Research Journal, 30(1), 1-19. Parente, D. (2006). Advertising campaign strategy: A Guide to Marketing Communication Plans. Ohio, Oh: Thomson South-Western. Roberts, J. (2005). Defensive marketing: How a strong incumbent can protect its position. Harvard Business Review, 83(11), 150-210. Wright, P. (2007). A refinement of Porter’s strategies. Strategic Management Journal, 8(1), 93-101. This essay on Sula Vineyards Company Analysis was written and submitted by user Br0therh00d0fEv1lMutants to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Aristotles

Aristotles thoughts of ethics conclude that all humans must have a purpose in life in order to be happy. I believe that some of the basics of his ideas still hold true today. This essay points out some of those ideas. It was Aristotles belief that everything, including humans, had a telos or goal in life. The end result or goal was said to be happiness or eudaimonia. He explained that eudaimonia was different for each person, and that each had a different idea of what it meant. Further, he said that people must do things in moderation, but at the same time do enough. The theory, of the golden mean of moderation was the basis to Aristotle's idea of the human telos and concluded that living a virtuous life must be the same for all people. Aristotle maintained that the natural human goal to be happy could only be achieved once each individual determined his/her goal. A persons telos is would usually be what that individual alone can do best. Aristotle described the humans as "rational animals" whose telos was to reason. Accordingly, Aristotle thought that in order for humans to be happy, they would have to be able to reason, and to be governed by reason. If a person had difficul! ty behaving morally or with ethics, he was thought to be imperfect. Moral virtue, a principle of happiness, was the ability to evade extremes in behavior and further to find the mean between it and adequacy. Aristotles idea of an ideal state was one where the populous was able to practice ethics and virtue. Therefore, if a person did something to please him or herself, it must also please general public. He said was also important to understand the acts performed towards virtue, because it directly related to the character of the resulting morals. Aristotle felt that fear and pain influenced ethics, as people would avoid that which he/she was scared of and/or that would cause pain. H...

Strategic management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management accounting - Essay Example The analysis of variance involves finding the difference between the budgeted figure and the actual figure. Whereby, a positive or a negative variance may be obtained. Whereby, a positive variance implies that the budgeted figures were higher than the actual amount. This means that management an over cast was made when preparing the budget (Codjia, 2013). On the other hand, a negative variance indicates that the budgeted amount was lower than the amount obtained. This means that there was an under cast during budget preparation. Therefore, strategic variance analysis may be categorized into two divisions namely; mutually exclusive strategic variance analysis and discretionally strategic variance analysis. Whereby, exclusive variance analysis focuses at determining the deviations in terms of budgeted and actual sales volumes. On the other hand, exclusive variance analysis focuses at determining deviations in terms of contribution margin and production cost (Codjia, 2013). Additionally , strategic management accounting helps in monitoring and control. Whereby, internal auditors conduct a thorough scrutiny of financial reporting mechanism. This helps auditors to exercise internal control of financial reports as well as prevent errors that could occur. ... Therefore, this study will provide an insight on the two major sections regarding strategic management accounting as discussed. Question 1 Advice on two entirely different businesses about the benefits and problems associated with what is termed the â€Å"traditional approach to budgeting and budgetary control†. The benefits that may accrue from an organisation that tend to adopt traditional approach of budgeting and budgetary control may vary between different organisations. This is because a budget that can be applied in one organisation may not be effective in another organisation. Additionally, external factors influencing a business may not be similar because different organisation might be operating under different business environments. Additionally, organisation differs in terms of goals, objectives and activities carried out (Bhattacharyya, 2006). For instance, a budget that may be utilized in a business that operates in a very stable and static market place may not b e suitable to a business that operate in a very dynamic, rapidly changing, innovative environment. This means that on out of the two organisations, one might obtain more benefits than the other as a result of adopting traditional approach of budgeting and budgetary control. Connectively, traditional approach of budgeting and budgetary control has the following feature; budgets are approved prior the onset of the budgetary year, secondly, plans, assumptions and factors that could affect the next year budget are made in advance. Thirdly, control to rectify deviations might be taken into consideration. Additionally, the budgeted figures are normally compared with actual figures on both cumulative and monthly basis (Bowhill, 2008). In above

Anton chekhov critic research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anton chekhov critic - Research Paper Example His is rather the cynical chuckle of a grown-up watching a child assume grimaces of deep earnestness and self-importance†. This is a unique type of humor that Chekhov captured masterfully in his early career and it is nice to see it appreciated by critics. This opinion of Chekhov is important because it shows that he did not take life too importantly. Many authors become overly serious about their craft and are unable to look at themselves objectively. This can completely ruin people, as once you begin taking yourself too seriously you lose your edge. In his earlier stories, Fagin claims that Chekhov had a much better sense of humour and did not take himself too seriously. This made these easier stories much more enjoyable to read, as â€Å"his earlier stories the laughable, and it is a more or less cheerful laugh, with little of the serious behind it† (Fagin). As Chekhov’s career carried on, however, Fagin noticed that he began to look at life differently and his stories suffered as a result. This is unfortunate, but it is probably a direct result of his upbringing in Russia and the social landscape during that time period. Fagin writes, â€Å"But as the stories grow more in volume, the undercurrent of gloom and a stifled groan of pain become more and more audible, until, in the later volumes, his laugh quite eloquently suggest the ominous combination of submission to Fate and Mephistophelian despair†. This shows that there was a fair amount of gloom in his life, as he did not know what the future would hold, but he did not believe that it would be positive for him and his country. No one knows for sure why Chekhov’s style of writing changed, but is very likely that the impact of the Russian political system had a major impact on it. This political system is though to be very dreary and to take a great deal of hope away from people, so it is possible that Chekhov essentially lost hope in life and that his writing shows this. No matter what the reason for

Jounal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jounal - Essay Example In a personal reflection of the chapter, it can be said that it was out of the self believe that the English had in their prowess that they succeeded in their quest to take land. Self-trust is therefore an important tool for possessing one’s dreams. Chapter 4 In this chapter, the writer gives a chronology of events that took place specifically from 1802 to 1832. Most of these events were on the relationship that the English had with the Indians. As at this time however, the English gave some level of respect to the Indians, allowing for the use of treaty in some of the cases of discourse over who should owe which piece of land. This was generally because federal laws, rather than state laws were operational in Indian territories (Wagner, 2006). From a person reflection, it is clear that the more organized a group of people are, the better it is that they will be approached with respect and dignity. This is because unlike in the second chapter when the English acted by force be cause of the absence of any laws among the Indians, the use of territorial laws helped in gaining respect from the English. Chapter 9 A lot had turned for the Indians in terms of their relationship with the English in the ninth chapter. This is because writing under the chapter heading of â€Å"The "Indian Question": From Reservation to Reorganization†, the writer gives a historical analysis of how the Indians had started gaining much self power to restructure their lands. Indeed, the implication of this change in trends was because the Indians had had a better identity of their personality. Clearly, the English had initially overpowered the Indians because they came as a united force. This time round, the Indians had learnt from the power of organization and unity and used it to their own defense (Wagner, 2006). Pages 361 – 371 Before the World War II, the Native American had had a perception that his core rights and freedoms were not being protected by the White Amer ican. This is because acts of human rights abuse and suppression of basic freedoms had gone on (Engelstad, 2005). Takaki (2008) therefore writes on the topic â€Å"Native Americans: "Why Fight the White Man's War?"† to depict the kind of dilemma that was going on within the Native Americans as to the sense in joining force for the American army. Clearly these pages of the book explain the need for equal rights and justice to prevail because no one knows the time that the services and inputs of people we disregard will become useful for our wellbeing. Kaleidoscope: Stories of the American Experience 21-31 From the 21st to the 31st pages, the writers present the story of the voyage that Giovanni da Verrazzano took in 1524. As a European, we read of Giovanni da Verrazzano taking an expedition to North America with a mission of exploring greater parts of the Atlantic coast and what is today known as Carolinas and Newfoundland (Engelstad, 2005). As the American history is being to ld therefore, homage will be paid to Giovanni da Verrazzano for being a torch that directed other people unto a land that has today come to be known as the America everyone is proud of. 75-90 From pages 75 to 90, the reader is told of â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson† where there is a visitation of Mary Rowlandson’s work. The author selects this story by Mary Rowlandson

Indias Anti-Corruption Movements

Indias Anti-Corruption Movements Kanika Dass 1.0 Introduction These days corruption is the word occurring maximum in the print and electronic media and the mind of the people in India today is constantly preoccupied with no other item as the issue of corruption. There are scams galore today which is happening in every corner of our country so that the country is even nicknamed as â€Å"Scamstan† which means land of scams. Perhaps in India the most chanted word next to Gods name is Corruption. According to Elliot and Meril writes, â€Å"Corruption is a willful failure to perform a specified duty in order to receive some direct or indirect personal gain†[1]. Thus in corruption a person willfully neglects his specified duty in order to have undue advantage. In fact to call an act corruption, the following characteristics should be present namely, in corruption the specified duty is neglected, there is a willful negligence of the duty and have a personal gain. The prevention of corruption act which proposed in 1988 defines, â€Å"Cor ruption means and includes all corrupt activities notified by a body designed by the government from time to time†. 2.0 Combating corruption In India a three pronged approach is advocated in combating corruption namely enactment and enforcement of a law against it, mobilization of public opinion against behavior, and the strict vigilance. Accordingly the Indian legal system came up with The Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA) 1988, chapter 9 of our Indian Penal Code (IPC) states the measure for the violation of corruption by the citizen of the country, and it also state that any citizens found in this act is liable under criminal conduct under the judiciary. In chapter IX A under no.171-B of the Indian Penal Code, Bribery is defined under offences relating to moral misconduct and criminal activity. Indian judiciary has introduced various commissions to check corruption namely, The Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA), The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC). The lokpal bill has along chequered history as it was first rooted in 1968 in terms of the recommendation of the administrative reforms commission. The introduction of The Right to Information Act (RTI) has given the right to citizens to force the government to lifts its veil of secrecy and ensure a corrupt-free system. In spite of this during Nehru era we had innumerable commissions of inquiry on corruption namely, The Railway Corruption Inquiry Committee under Acharya Kripalani (1953), The Vivian Bose Commission (1962), The Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption (1964), The Wanchoo Committee on Black Money (1974). After these unsuccessful commissions hailed the campaign of Anna Hazare with his team of Santhosh Hedge, the retired Lokayukta of Karnataka, RTI activist Arvind Kejarwal, former Police officer Kiran Bedi and others came forward to mobilize young people to the cause and to gain the massive support to the Hazare movement they invited middle class and the young gene ration of the country to protest against corruption in the country.[2] 3.0 Anna Hazare`s Anti-Corruption Movement I would be wrong if I say the fight against corruption began with this movement because the awareness had begun earlier but it was more hidden and less intense in action. With the nexus of the state with corporations, the poor losing more and more of their assets and the governing class increasing their wealth and publicly vulgarizing it, there was a pent up anger among the people of the country which the government underestimated. And this gradually turns into movement and these anti corruption movement had the following context for the movement namely, About 15% of the 548 Lok Sabha and 245 Rajya Sabha MPs face serious criminal charge for murder, rape and extortion. A high court judge of west Bengal faces impeachment by parliament and the chief justice of Sikkim took voluntary retirement. There have been serious charges of corruption against some judges of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has voices concern over corruption in the lower levels of Judiciary. An ex-cabinet minister, a sitting MP and a few corporate honchos are in jail facing serious corruption charges for cheating thousands of crores of our money. The commonwealth games which should have been a showcase of excellence to remember, is now remembered for completely the reasons of corruption and this is the symbolic of a rotten governance system in every walk of our life. The members of parliament have been increasing their salaries perks and allowances. People in the country do not believe that our parliamentarians need that sum of money for the services they render; it is the national wealth that they have been engulfing. Parliament has not functioned for several days with parliamentarians collecting their perks and salaries for the work done and meetings not attended. Several chief ministers in state have been involved in corruption of great magnitude. Their land deals, mining operations, oil scandals and involvement in financial and business deals have lowered their status and dignity in the public realm. Elections have become a mockery. Where candidates and parties try to outdo each other during elections by corrupt deals. Promises are made that are never implemented, all kinds of tricks are adopted, and people are divided on various grounds. Posts are auctioned. Even the teachers, police officers and people in the administration have to pay bribes for transfers. Ordinary employees of the state-clerks, peons and the others are caught with huge excess and unaccounted wealth that does not belong to them. It is a robbery of public wealth. Those close to the administration have unaccounted money.[3] These were few of the contexts of the Anti Corruption Movement led by Anna Hazare. These issues were addressed in the lokpal bill. 3.1 The Evaluation and the Limitations of Movement I feel this movement had worked for the instant solutions to the immediate problems, where the changes in any society are slow and gradual. The other major aspect which involved in the movement were the middle class people of the society who had only material cause in their minds of getting things at the cheaper rate by bringing back the black money to the country and during the movement there were many money (profit oriented) factor came into picture. We used the Gandhian symbols of white-cloth caps mixed with new age symbols of candles but there ideology was about market exchanges.[4] And this movement was not a social justice movement like our Independence movement because any movement should be driven by the masses but this movement is driven by a single person who is transformed as a messiah by a disillusioned people. Corruption by those in power is all about he invites people to fight against. The method to get rid of that corruption for hazare is all about a law to be enacted. What a simple solution for a complicated problem! What Anna is determined to do is mobilize the people, dictate a bill to the parliament, and ask them to act. This is authoritarianism because in democracy all voices have to be heard and decisions can be made only through dialogue. This bill needed wide consultation and the team of Anna Hazare alone does not constitute civil society. On the other hand bill needed to bring everyone into accountability because judiciary and the parliamentarians were not under the bill. Take the case of India`s caste system where we are not able eradicate it. The caste system is a socio-religious corruption which is more dangerous than the corruption Anna Hazare engaged to fight against. Dalits still suffer untold pain and discrimination because of this corruption it is like a cancer and this caste corruption is on the increase manifested in different forms. Why was Anna Hazare silent on caste corruption? We have a social evil of prostitution thrives in the name of religion (Devadasi system), female feticide is concern. , we had anti-Sikh riots in 1984, Gujarat genocide of 2002, Kandhamal riots of 2008-09, these are form of corruption that has destroyed and divided our society, and many questioned where Anna was during this situation? Dalit columnist Chandrabhan Prasad says, â€Å"The Anna Hazare phenomenon is leading us to the rejection of representative democracy and this movement is against the India`s political democracy itself†[5]. Because those involved in the movement want everybody to believe that only politicians are corrupt. 4.0 Conclusion The massive participation of youngsters in anti-corruption movement led by team Anna is seen to achieve hidden interests of invisible forces. As the team had good financial support from where did this aid come from to a normal social activist. Anna followed fasting method in the protest which was considered has the warning and treat for the nations by Mahatma Gandhi he also said people should not go on hunger strike after the independence of our country. Being the follower of Gandhi, Anna has disobeyed what Gandhi has asked us to follow. This movement has brought a class of people to the politics in the notion of making a difference. The public opinion is valued in governance but that public opinion cannot be based on the class interests. The common people are affected by the corruption of our country and we have also contributed to it. Bibliography Abdulraheem, â€Å"Corruption in India: An Overview,† Journal of Social Action, no.59, (October 2009). All India Reporters (AIR) SC 870 â€Å"State of Madhya Pradesh v. Shri Ram Singh†, (April 2000). Deep Pankaj, â€Å"Corruption, Transparency and Good Governance,† Journal of social action, no.59, (December 2009). Pinto Ambrose, â€Å"Anna Hazare Movement and India`s middle class,† Journal of social action, no. 61 (Dec 2011). Singh Avtar, â€Å"The problem of corruption and its remedies,† Journal of Social Action, no.61 (December 2011). Times of India (Bangalore Edition), 19th August, 2011. Transparency International. The TI source book. Berlin: Transparency International, 1998. [1] Avtar Singh, â€Å"The problem of corruption and its remedies,† Journal of Social Action, no.61 (December 2011), 373. [2] Pankaj Deep, â€Å"corruption, transparency and good governance,† Journal of social action, no.59, (December 2009), 385. [3] AmbrosePinto, â€Å"Anna Hazare Movement and India`s middle class,† Journal of social action, no. 61 (Dec 2011), 337 [4] Ibid., 344 [5] Times of India (Bangalore Edition), 19th August, 2011.

Isolation of Clove Oil

Objective The objective of this experiment is to perform a steam distillation using a microscale distillation apparatus and isolate a natural product from cloves. Introduction By performing steam distillation we can isolate eugenol at lower temperature than its usual boiling point of 248 degree Celsius. Eugenol belongs to a category called essential oil. Many of these compounds are used as flavoring and perfumes and in the past were considered the essence of plant from which they were derived. Structure of eugenol (clove oil) and eugenol acetate: Reagents: Eugenol, CH2Cl2, Br2, FeCl3, MethanolProcedure: Co-distillation We first combine 15 mL of water with 1 g of crushed, ground cloves in a 25-mL round-bottom flask. Then added a spin bar to the 25-mL round-bottom flask and assembled the microscale distillation apparatus. We made certain that the ground cloves were well wetted. We maintained the temperature of the sand bath at approximately 130 Â °C and wrapped the bottom of the still with aluminum foil. Then periodically transfer the distillate from the Hickman head to a 15 mL screw cap centrifuge tube and continue the steam distillation until 5–8 mL of distillate have been collected.Then we started the extraction process by adding 2 mL of CH2Cl3 to the water–eugenol emulsion. Cap the tube and shake it frequently. We then allowed the layers to separate and transferred the CH2Cl2–eugenol solution to a clean, dry 5- mL conical vial. We made sure no water was transferred in this step. Then we added 1 mL of CH2Cl2 to the water–eugenol emulsion, cap and shake the tube. Allowed the layers to separate and transfer the CH2Cl2–eugenol solution to the 5-mL vial used previously and made certain that no water is transferred during this step.We then added 1 mL of CH2Cl2 to the water–eugenol emulsion and shook the tube. We allowed the layers to separate and transferred the CH2Cl2–eugenol solution to the 5-mL vial used in previ ous step. We made certain that no water was transferred during this step. Finally we finished the co distillation process by drying the CH2Cl2–eugenol solution with 2-3 microspatulas of anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation Transfer the dried CH2Cl2–eugenol solution to a clean, dry, tared, 5-mL conical vial. And rinse the drying agent with a few drops of CH2Cl2 and transfer CH2Cl2 rinse to the 5- mL conical vial.In a fume hood, evaporate the CH2Cl2 using a hot water bath at approximately 40 Â °C max 55 Â °C. Classification Test of eugenol (clove oil) The eugenol isolated will be tested for unsaturation using the Br2Test and aromaticity with the ferric chloride test. Br2 Test First we dissolved the clove oil in 2? 3 mL of methanol then added 5 drops of clove? oil solution to a test tube. Then we added few drops of Br2 reagent and gently swirled and recorded our observations. W then prepared a control slide and matched our results to it. FeCl3 testDissolved the clove o il in 2? 3 mL of methanol Added 5 drops of clove? oil solution to a test tube Added a few drops of FeCl3 solution to test tube Gently swirled and record your observation Results and Calculations: Br2 test results. Original Br2 was yellow in color but when it was added to our solution it turned colorless. This shows that we had double bonds formation. Benzene gives us double bonds. Our results matched the result we obtained when we compared with control that we had created. FeCl3 test results: Our solution turned light yellowish in color.Control was dark orange in color. Discussion: Our benzene results indicated that we had double bonds formation. Benzene gives us double bonds. Our results matched the result we obtained when we compared with control that we had created. Our FeCl3 test gave us light yellowish color solution while the control was somewhat orange. This could probably mean that we had Eugenol acetate instead of Eugenol. References: Introduction to Organic Laboratory Tech niques: A Microscale Approach. Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, and Engel. (1999) Saunders College Publishing.