To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: essays research papers

To Kill a Mockingbird      The book To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, is a novel composed with a specific substance that is deficient in numerous books of the twentieth Century. Harper Lee had the option to compose this book, which vigorously speaks to an exceptionally powerful arrangement of ethics, such that communicates her suppositions, as opposed to contaminating different people’s convictions.      In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee presented her emotions towards the foul play that occurs in our equity framework, the manners in which that isolation and separation are once in a while neglected in our general public, and that you can’t completely comprehend somebody else’s supposition until you â€Å"climb into his skin and stroll around in it.† She had the option to communicate her perspectives through these topics, without being excessively manipulative. The foul play in our society’s equity framework is spoken to by the preliminary of Tom Robinson. A lady named Mayella Ewell blamed Tom Robinson for assault. Despite the fact that Tom’s legal advisor, Atticus Finch, had the option to demonstrate that Tom couldn't have assaulted Mayella, Tom is seen as blameworthy on the grounds that he is a person of color, and as per Atticus when he attempts to portray what befell his little girl â€Å"Scout,† an appointed authority will consistently accept a white woman’s word, regardless of how low she is in the standing framework to any dark man’s word. This is only one of the many disregarded methods of isolation.      Harper Lee additionally communicates her perspectives on how misleading numerous Americans were the point at which it came to isolation. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee depicts a primary teacher that reproves how the Jewish individuals were treated by Hitler, yet she sees nothing amiss with the way that Tom Robinson is being treated for only being blamed for assault by Mayella Ewell. Another point that Harper Lee clarifies is by portraying that there is a gathering of individuals who run noble cause to fund-raise for the individuals of Africa, in light of the fact that the Africans lead lives which are so dreadful, yet they totally disregard that there are African-Americans living in a similar town who live as inadequately as they would in Africa, however nobody appears to notice and care about them.      One of the last topics that Harper Lee presents is that it is difficult to comprehend any other person except if you â€Å"climb into his skin and stroll around in it.† For example, there is a character named Boo To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: expositions research papers To Kill a Mockingbird      The book To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, is a novel composed with a specific substance that is deficient in numerous books of the twentieth Century. Harper Lee had the option to compose this book, which vigorously speaks to an exceptionally strong arrangement of ethics, such that communicates her feelings, as opposed to profaning different people’s convictions.      In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee presented her emotions towards the foul play that occurs in our equity framework, the manners in which that isolation and segregation are here and there disregarded in our general public, and that you can’t completely comprehend somebody else’s sentiment until you â€Å"climb into his skin and stroll around in it.† She had the option to communicate her perspectives through these topics, without being excessively manipulative. The unfairness in our society’s equity framework is spoken to by the preliminary of Tom Robinson . A lady named Mayella Ewell blamed Tom Robinson for assault. Despite the fact that Tom’s legal advisor, Atticus Finch, had the option to demonstrate that Tom couldn't have assaulted Mayella, Tom is seen as liable on the grounds that he is an individual of color, and as per Atticus when he attempts to portray what befell his girl â€Å"Scout,† an adjudicator will consistently accept a white woman’s word, regardless of how low she is in the position framework to any dark man’s word. This is only one of the many ignored methods of isolation.      Harper Lee likewise communicates her perspectives on how misleading numerous Americans were the point at which it came to isolation. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee depicts a primary teacher that reproves how the Jewish individuals were treated by Hitler, yet she sees nothing amiss with the way that Tom Robinson is being treated for simply being blamed for assault by Mayella Ewell. Another point that Harper Lee clarifies is by portraying that there is a gathering of individuals who run good cause to fund-raise for the individuals of Africa, in light of the fact that the Africans lead lives which are so horrendous, yet they totally disregard that there are African-Americans living in a similar town who live as ineffectively as they would in Africa, however nobody appears to notice and care about them.      One of the last subjects that Harper Lee presents is that it is difficult to comprehend any other person except if you â€Å"climb into his skin and stroll around in it.† For example, there is a character named Boo

Cognition domains Essay

Occasions that occur in an adolescent’s life can influence one of three areas; these three spaces are known as ‘psychosocial’ ‘cognitive’ and ‘biophysical’. This exposition will concentrate on the zone of the comprehension space now this area will be examined corresponding to an occasion that has influenced my impression of my general surroundings, the manner in which I feel comparable to fault and judgment and ultimately the capacity to figure out how to be increasingly intelligent. My recognition on life changed quickly when I was educated regarding a sad mishap concerning the self destruction of a family companion. This caused a quick change in the manner I contemplated demise, pain and pity. â€Å"David Elkind recommended that formal operational idea additionally prompts juvenile egocentrism (trouble separating one’s own musings and feelings)† (Sigelman, Rider, De George-Walker, Pg 173, 2013) This has affected the way that I take a gander at the world having experienced this experience I currently observe that people’s recognition can change regardless. I surmise what’s attempting to be said is that everyone’s recognition is extraordinary and it is changing because of the encounters that we as a whole experiencing in our regular daily existences. The judgment that came after the disaster was extraordinary. Greg Newham will consistently be adored and incredibly missed yet never will he be overlooked. Was it my issue that he passed on? Greg Newham was an instructor. In the event that I had visited him when the chime rang after school would he despite everything be here today? I didn't comprehend his wife’s choice to not release me to the burial service. What's more, along these lines, since I never got the chance to state my last farewell it is difficult to give up. Difficult to proceed onward. A book composed by Temple University in the USA about looking for conclusion states â€Å"closure commonly suggests that something is done, finished, shut. At long last you can move on† (2014). Without conclusion I feel that I am continually making a decision about myself. Continually scrutinizing my thought processes, thinking about whether I could have accomplished more. The last part of intellectual improvement that was influenced by this experience was learning. It is difficult to live with the information that someone’s demise was your issue, regardless of whether soundly you know it wasn’t. Those deserted never generally get familiar with the reasons regarding why they hurt themselves and people around them. Bronfenbrenner’s perspective on a creating individual, with his or herâ biological and mental qualities are inserted in a progression of natural frameworks which interface with one another and with the person after some time to affected turn of events. (Sigelman, Et.al, 2013), with all the formative occasions that we as a whole experience any reasonable person would agree that the learning side of our intellectual advancement is continually evolving. This article was composed to clarify the effects of our regular day to day existences and how it influences our psychological area. With information disclosed from Bronfenbrenner and David Elkind it is obvious to state that the decisions we make today do for the most part completely change ourselves somehow or another/s. I never totally comprehended the effects from my life could change the manner in which I see and consider everything that I do today. References; Sigelman, Rider and De George-Walker, 2013, Life Span Human Development. Sanctuary University, USA, 2014, http://www.temple.edu/tempress/chapters_1800/2136_ch1.pdf

How to Write an Exemplification Essay

How to Write an Exemplification EssayThere are many different courses you can take in college to learn how to write an exemplification essay. One of the courses that is particularly important is the one on essay writing. This course will help you in learning how to write an exemplification essay and this is because of the way the course instructor will help you to understand the basic aspects of the topic.In order to learn how to write an exemplification essay, you have to make sure that you have the right resources. This means that you need to make sure that you get access to a course on writing. You also need to make sure that you are equipped with the skills to use those tools. You also need to have all the tools and materials needed in order to make the first draft of your exemplification essay.Writing is not as easy as most people think. Writing is a very painstaking and arduous job that requires a lot of determination and dedication. For most students, they do not have the righ t mindset to put forth their best effort in this process. In order to learn how to write an exemplification essay, you should be disciplined and determined to accomplish the task at hand. You should also put yourself in a position where you can follow the right methods when it comes to creating an exemplification essay.Once you learn how to write an exemplification essay, you can make it more powerful and impactful. It will also have a direct bearing on the readers and hence it will be able to attract attention. You will also be able to learn how to write an exemplification essay that is unique from others.It is important to remember that no matter how good you are at writing, it is only possible to learn through experience. The kind of writing you use should be based on what is the subject of your essay. If it is not related to the subject, it is unlikely that you will be able to write an exemplification essay that will appeal to the readers.Make sure that the ways you utilize when writing an exemplification essay is one that will aid in capturing the attention of the potential readers. You also need to be able to make the first draft in a manner that it will be easily accessible. Since this is not as easy as it seems, you should ensure that you use the best and most efficient writing method.After you learn how to write an exemplification essay, you should be able to capture the attention of your potential readers. This is only possible if you write in a manner that you can control and be in charge of the project. If you do not take control of the entire project, it may not turn out to be what you had in mind.So if you want to learn how to write an exemplification essay, there are many ways you can do this. You should be able to learn how to write an exemplification essay in a manner that will work in your favor. In order to make this happen, you should use all the possible methods and techniques that are available.

Objectives And General Principles Of Mergers Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2345 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The panel of mergers and takeovers was established in 1968, in U.K, and since then has worked as an administrating body of the city code on mergers and takeovers. The fundamental objective of this body is to ensure that all the shareholders are treated fairly, on an equal basis, in cases of mergers and takeovers. The panel of takeovers and mergers is a chief body in U.K who acts as a regulator on these issues. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Objectives And General Principles Of Mergers Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The pillars/ proposition on which the code rests are: Equal treatment of all the shareholders belonging to the same class of shares. Basically, this proposition ensures the fair treatment of all the shareholders involved To enable the shareholders to make the best decision for themselves, the code ensures that they have timely information which is accurate and relevant, and may influence shareholder decision for their best interest The code also ensures that true market mechanisms are the only reflective of the prices of the security and no artificial factor affects them i.e. no false markets The board will not take any decision without prior knowledge of the shareholders. General principles The six general principles are the pillars on which the code rests upon. These general principles are basically the statements of good standards of commercial behavior. Besides, the general principles are further branched out into 38 rules, which are elaborated by their respective notes. The notes serve both to expand and explain the respective rule. The following figure highlights some of the vital rules of the code: rrrr.bmp  [1]  Adapted from General principles and rules, the Takeover Panel. Economic reasons for acquisitions and mergers Reasons There may be many motives behind the merger or acquisitions of companies. Each company may have its own set of unique reasons for going for either merger or acquisition. However, the reasons that may be common to all cases include: One possible reason behind merger or acquisition may be the consolidation of markets. The products most firms today are similar in nature, differentiated only to slight extents. The merger or acquisition may be a possible option in face of competing markets that would reduce the number of firms competing in the market and make them more consolidated. Merger or acquisition is a quick way of increasing the capacity of the firm. In addition, the acquired or merged firm both is from the same industry, and therefore would have similar expertise. No costs are incurred on training or obtaining machinery etc. Mergers and acquisitions also present the advantage of decreasing long run average cost as it begins to realize the economies of scale due to larg e scale production. A firm may feel that a gap exists in its existing portfolio and it is not catering fully to the market needs. A firm may sometimes want to counter a decline in sales of one industry by acquiring a firm in another industry. A firm may also wish to counter seasonal trends. All this can be achieved through mergers and acquisitions. A firm may merge with, or acquire another firm in a different industry, or selling products that the firms existing portfolio lacks. Another motive behind mergers and acquisitions is the forward and backward integration, towards the distribution channels, or backwards towards the sources of raw materials. In both cases, the motive is to have a stronger hold on the stages of the value chain, and may also be to restrict the supply to competing firms. Firms may also wish to have a greater access to technology, skills or sources of finances. The amalgamated firms of course have more vistas of opportunity when they operate as a single entity. Tax aversion may be another motive. Most countries laws levy more tax on idle cash than on operating businesses/assets. A merger or acquisition would not only enhance the operations of a firm and provide more sources of income, but would also provide tax exemptions. Reasons why expected economic benefits may not be achieved The potential advantages of mergers and acquisitions presented above may not offer the same benefits to all the stakeholders, and therefore a conflict of interest may not lead to benefit of all. The mergers and acquisitions are mostly from the organizations perspective, seeing only its economic gain, and therefore may overlook other stakeholders such as the customers and employees. One issue that must be addressed is that whether the management will be able to run both businesses simultaneously. Also, there remains a question whether the combined entity will be a as efficient as the two businesses operating independently. The clash of organizational cultures, structure and design further aggravate the problem and the economic benefits may not materialize. The change in the work environment, management and employee behavior might stop the firm from gaining the desired benefits. The firm must, therefore, try to arrive at a compromise which addresses the interests of all stakeholders. To sum up, the probable reasons which might stop the merger or acquisition to deliver the economic benefits that the firm may be expecting are: Human factor Difference in cultures Lack of integration Transition carried out without regarding employees sensitivity Lack of productivity due to unhappy workforce The company must have an integration plan in place for the post-merger or post- acquisition situation, to smoothly lead the transition from being a single entity to a combined one. Failure to incorporate an integration plan may cause the potential benefits of the amalgamation to transform into drawbacks and losses. To say in a nut shell, any decision to carry out a merger or acquisition should consider not only the legal and financial implications, but also the human consequences the effect of the deal upon the two companies managers and employees. It is upon them, ultimately, that the fate of the newly-merged company will depend. Part II Long term funding options available for unquoted Small and Medium Business Enterprises, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these funding options The following figure shows the long term funding options available to small and medium business enterprises: Type of funding Advantages Disadvantages Internal funds No accountability to third party Flexibility since there are no payment terms Credit score ratings are not affected Limited sources of finance Unlimited liability Loans bigger amounts can be borrowed Lower interest rates than overdrafts Regular repayments help to forecast cashflow Less flexible than compared to overdraft Inability to pay during designated time leads to further financial problems Overdrafts Borrowed amounts is flexible within limits Interest paid only on borrowed amounts Easy availability in time of need Quick and good source of cash backup Cannot be used for large borrowing Higher interest rates than loans Bank can ask for repayment anytime Overdrafts are secured against assets, and therefore put assets at stake in case of non payment Leasing and hire purchase arrangements Medium term funding regular nature helps plan cash flows payments are fixed, and therefore easy to plan payments Hire purchase and leasing agreements are long term commitments Variable rate payments makes it difficult to plan Stock market equity and corporate bond issues Source of cash flows finances can usually be kept for an indefinite period A Company can raise more capital than it could borrow. No repayment of principle amount Loss of Control Responsibility to shareholders for dividend payments Asset Disclosure Risk of takeover by rivals Dilution of value Venture capital or private equity Funding is restricted to the business project Venture capitalists can bring important skills, links and knowledge to your business. Venture capitalist can aid with secisionmaking and strategy In case of growth and profitability, further funding can be provided by the same investors Raising equity finance is time consuming and costly Have to provide info to potential investors Loss of decision making power Asset-based finance such as factoring and invoice discounting Small companies can usually get more cash more quickly than they could from a traditional bank loan. Asset-based lenders and factors offer a variety of services that encompass accounts receivable processing, collections and invoicing. Using assets to raise money causes profits cut. Part III Arguments for and against foregoing distribution of dividends and investing the funds saved The dividend policy always has some tradeoffs. Sometimes paying dividends means retaining little from the income. Conversely, as proposed by the director, not paying the dividends means that the profit is retained and invested. This means a lesser reliance on externally generated funds. The tradeoff should be made keeping in mind the firms objectives, whether paying dividends to the shareholders is more important, or whether investment would be more beneficial in long run.The two cases are a tradeoff between shareholders receiving dividend in short run, and the value of their stock increasing due to the investment. The residual dividend theory states that dividends should only be paid when there are residual earnings after investment purpose. However, if the shareholders are not happy with the no-payment policy, they may sell their shares to obtain an income. The arguments against the nonpayment of dividend are that shareholders are not usually pleased when they are not pa id dividends. However, if it is communicated to them that the income would then be used to finance investments projects, they might as well support the nonpayment as the investment ultimately improves the value of the firm and its shares. According to the corporate document repository  [2]  , the major reasons for using retained earnings to finance new investments, rather than to pay higher dividends and then raise new equity for the new investments, are as follows: The management of many companies believes that retained earnings are funds which do not cost anything, although this is not true. However, it is true that the use of retained earnings as a source of funds does not lead to a payment of cash. (Basic finance for marketers, 1997) The dividend policy of the company is in practice determined by the directors. From their standpoint, retained earnings are an attractive source of finance because investment projects can be undertaken without involving either the share holders or any outsiders. (Basic finance for marketers, 1997) The use of retained earnings as opposed to new shares or debentures avoids issue costs. (Basic finance for marketers, 1997) The use of retained earnings avoids the possibility of a change in control resulting from an issue of new shares. (Basic finance for marketers, 1997) Alternatives to cash dividends Dividend may be paid out in the form of stocks, and therefore is not a true dividend as it is not paid out in cash. This has the effect of diluting the share value by increasing the number of outstanding shares. Dividend reinvestment policy, DRIP, is another alternative to cash dividends. DRIP gives shareholders a chance to reinvest the money they would receive as cash dividend into additional shares of stock. DRIP is attractive as shareholders do not have to pay brokerage commission on stock purchase. Spin off shares are also referred to as property dividends in which a corporation gives out some valuable property to shareholders instead of cash dividends. The spin off shares may be shares of a subsidiary that the company owns. Past trends show that mostly spin offs are better than the parent company in terms of performance, and hence shareholders are better off. Shareholders may go for a no-dividend or low-dividend policy when it is communicated to them that for companys health and stock price, they may have to forgo cash dividends. Advantages and disadvantages of share repurchases, i.e. a company purchasing its own shares. Share repurchases reduce the number of outstanding shares of a company, thereby giving the shares a larger ownership in the company. The advantages and disadvantages of share repurchases are as follows: Advantages There is no additional tax imposed on share repurchases, and therefore it is a good way to increase the capital of shareholders. The equity/ownership of the shareholders increases and this means a greater potential of profits and dividends on shares. The share repurchases basically reduce the number of outstanding shares of the company. This is favorable as it reduces the dilution of the shares. Share repurchases reduce the number of outstanding shares. This means that a greater proportion of companys retained earnings are attributable to each outstanding share. Therefore, the EPS(earning per share) increases. Share repurchases reduces the fear from the corporate raiders. Undervalued shares of a profitable company are very attractive to companies seeking to acquire that company. Share repurchases, in effect, reduces this risk as the company repurchases its own shares. Furthermore, the future profit from these shares also goes to the company itself. Share repurchase may give out a positive signal to the public, as they may think management is repurchasing the shares because it thinks it is undervalued. Income received from share repurchases is the capital gain for a company. The repurchased stock can be resold to raise money when needed. Stock repurchases provide an internal investment opportunity to the corporation. If a firm wants to alter its capital structure, stock repurchase is an available option. Buybacks also has the advantage of eliminating minority group of stockholders. Also, it reduces the costs incurred by the firms in servicing small stockholders. Disadvantages There is an opportunity cost for every decision made by businesses today. The money used in buying back of shares could have been invested to a more optimal use, which perhaps would generate return on assets. Different financial metrics have different results of share repurchases. A buy back could result in a higher debt ratio. If the stock buybacks are issued to the companys management, the number of outstanding shares would remain the same and therefore no positive impact on EPS. If the public perceives that company is buying back its shares because it does not have any investment opportunity, this may be unfavorable for the company. Firm may have to pay penalties if the regulatory authorities such as the IRS think that buyback was to avoid taxes. A firm may end up paying a higher price for its own share if it has to bid up the prices of the shares.

Hadrians Wall History of the Roman Britain Wall

Hadrian was born on January 24, 76 A.D. He died on July 10, 138, having been emperor since 117. He counted his dies imperii August 11, although his predecessor, the empire-expanding Trajan, had died some days earlier. During Hadrians rule, he worked on reforms and consolidated the Roman provinces. Hadrian toured his empire for 11 years. Not all was peaceful. When Hadrian tried to build a temple to Jupiter on the site of Solomons temple, the Jews revolted in a war lasting three years. His relations with the Christians were generally not confrontational, but during Hadrians stay in Greece (123-127) he was initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries, according to Eusebius, and then, with new-found pagan zeal, persecuted local Christians. It is claimed Trajan, his adoptive father, had not wanted Hadrian to succeed him but was thwarted by his wife, Plotina, who covered up her husbands death until she could make sure of Hadrians acceptance by the Senate. After Hadrian became emperor, suspicious circumstance surrounded the assassination of leading military figures from Trajans reign. Hadrian denied involvement. Remaining Artifacts Mementos of Hadrians reign—in the form of coins and the many building projects he undertook—survive. Most famous is the wall across Britain that was named Hadrians Wall after him. Hadrians Wall was built, beginning in 122, to keep Roman Britain safe from hostile attacks from the Picts. It was the northernmost boundary of the Roman empire until early in the fifth century. The wall, stretching from the North Sea to the Irish Sea (from the Tyne to the Solway), was 80 Roman miles (about 73 modern miles) long, 8-10 feet wide, and 15 feet high. In addition to the wall, the Romans built a system of small forts called milecastles (housing garrisons of up to 60 men) every Roman mile along its entire length, with towers every 1/3 mile. Sixteen larger forts holding from 500 to 1000 troops were built into the wall, with large gates on the north face. To the south of the wall, the Romans dug a wide ditch, (vallum), with six-foot-high earth banks. Today many of the stones have been carted away and recycled into other buildings, but the wall is still there for people to explore and walk along, although the latter is discouraged. Further Reading ï » ¿Divine, David: Hadrians Wall. Barnes and Noble, 1995.

Late Adulthood Essay - 776 Words

Late Adulthood (age 60 – 80) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During this closing period in the life span of human beings, people tend to â€Å"move away† from previous more desirable periods often known as â€Å"usefulness†. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Age sixty is usually considered the dividing line between middle and old age. It is the time where you are considered an â€Å"elderly†- meaning somewhat old or advanced beyond middle age. Period of decline – comes partly from physical and partly psychological factors. The physical cause of decline is a change in the body cells due to the effects of the aging process. The psychological cause of decline has something to do with unfavorable attitudes towards oneself, other people, work and life†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hair becomes gray or white and lessens Trunk Region – nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shoulders stoop and seem smaller nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Abdomen bulges and droops nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hips become flabbier and broader nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Woman’s breasts sag and droop Limbs – nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The upper arm becomes flabby and heavy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lower arms seem to shrink nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hands and feet become scrawny and veins begin to appear nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nails become thick and brittle nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Internal Changes – nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Bones become brittle and are subject to fractures andShow MoreRelatedLate Adulthood Observation : Early Adulthood1541 Words   |  7 PagesLate Adulthood Observation The group I chose to observe is late adulthood. 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However thereRead MoreRelationship Between Adulthood And Late Adulthood944 Words   |  4 PagesJournal #8: Relationships Young Adulthood to Late Adulthood During early adulthood ages twenty to forty, people enter the achieving stage according to the developmental psychologist K. Warner Shaie. In this stage young adults begin to be more focused on making decisions on what to do for the rest of their lives and whom to form relationships with. These decisions will soon make up the core of their happiness throughout adulthood. According to the psychologist Erik Erikson, this challenge of formingRead MoreLate Adulthood Essay788 Words   |  4 PagesLate Adulthood (age 60 Ââ€" 80) During this closing period in the life span of human beings, people tend to move away from previous more desirable periods often known as usefulness. Age sixty is usually considered the dividing line between middle and old age. 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International Business Management Analysis of Indian Agricultural Ind

Question: Describe about the PESTEL Analysis of Indian Agricultural Industry? Answer: Executive Summary This report involved the performance of critical analysis of the external environment as applicable in respect to Indian agriculture industry with a view to assess the expansion of Nu-Farm within such markets. The performance of analysis has been carried out through the application of PESTLE analytical tool and based on the analysis, it has been evaluated that the political conditions as prevalent in Indian markets are highly supportive in respect to the crop protection initiatives as undertaken by firms. The economic factors have indicated that there is a requirement for crop protection measures in India so that Indian farmers can be positively benefitted. This has been a positive factor from the point of view of supporting the growth and performance of Nu-Farm in Indian markets. The analysis has also indicated that the socio cultural condition as prevalent within Indian farmers is that they do not consider the usage of chemicals in treating their agricultural produce and there are legal laws that are applicable to the performance of the crop and seed protection in India. The overall condition is identified as supportive in respect to Indian markets and this led to the recommendation that Nu-Farm should perform expansion of its business processes in Indian markets. Introduction Businesses perform the expansion of their business activities into international markets with a view to achieve higher level of growth and expansion. However, in performing such expansion into international markets, they are required to consider large number of factors as prevalent within such international markets so that they can achieve higher level of growth and success in it. A complete environmental analysis is important from the point of view of achieving higher level of success in such international markets. The analysis of the external environment conditions can be performed through the application of strategic analytical tools such as PESTLE analysis (Hill and Jones, 2009). This has been an important tool that allows for analysing large range of areas such as political conditions, economic conditions, socio cultural and technological environment including the legal and ecological environment that affects the performance of business. These are important areas and an analysis of these areas is crucial from the point of view of achieving efficient expansion of business processes into international markets. Scope of the Report: This report is focused towards performing an analysis of Nu-Farm with respect to its expansion into the markets of India. This report proposes the expansion of Nu-Farm into the Indian markets and the analysis specifically focused towards performing an analysis of the external environment conditions of Indian markets. This has been performed through the consideration of PESTEL analytical tool to analyse the ways in which Nu-Farm is affected by different environmental conditions. The company is looking to achieve higher level of growth in the Asian markets, and as such, this report focuses towards expansion of Nu-Farm in the Indian markets. Company Background: The Company as selected for the purpose of analysis is Nu-Farm. An analysis of Nu-Farm indicates that it is an Australian manufacturing company that accounts for the production of products that are designed in order to ensure protection of agricultural products. It is based in Australia and the company is operating since 50 years, and it has continuously engaged in the production of wide range of crop protection products over the years. There is large range of extensive teams of agricultural and horticultural specialists that helps Australian farmers in performing the agricultural production in a sustainable manner. It is known as a largest manufacturer with an extensive distribution network of regional service centres. The company operates not only at the local level, but there has been extensive level of network of the company that is expanded worldwide (Nu-Farm, 2015). Research Methodologies Used: The research methodology that has been utilised in collecting data about the environmental analysis facing the agricultural industry in India is secondary research method whereby a critical analysis of scholarly articles, books and online sources is performed. The quality of data as utilised in this report is academically sound because they are collected from the academic sources such as journals and books. PESTEL Analysis of Indian Agricultural Industry Since Nu-Farm is considering its expansion into the Indian agricultural industry, it is quite essential to perform a market environment analysis so that the decision of expanding into the Indian markets would be undertaken in an efficient manner. This section of analysis therefore analyses the various important ways in which different environmental situation could affect the performance of Nu-Farm in the market so as to ensure the development of appropriate strategies in minimising the adverse effect of such environmental situations. An analysis of different such factors that have the potential to affect Nu-Farm in such Indian markets is performed as follows: Political Conditions: The political condition of an economy has a direct level of impact over the performance of entire industry/sector in particular. Such political conditions mainly imply the persistence of government control over the performance of the industry, or governmental decisions affecting the performance of the entire sector. An analysis of the case of Nu-Farm indicates that it provides crop protection products and this implies that the company caters to the need and requirement of agricultural industry. The case analysis of Indian economy with respect to agricultural industry performance indicates that there has been significant control of Indian government over the performance of such agricultural industry in particular. There are several kinds of acts and legislations that monitor and regulate the performance of the industry. As for instance, there is an act known as Destructive Insects and Pests Act 1914 that is operational in India and the main purpose of this act ha s been to prevent the introduction of any kinds of insect, fungus or other kinds of pest that may impact the performance of crops (Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, 2014). It is not only the above indicated act, but the Indian government is positively engaged in the protection of crops in a positive manner. There are a large number of schemes that have been introduced by the Indian government aimed at protecting the crops across the country. An analysis indicates that there has been the introduction of International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) 1951 being performed and this scheme positively supports the protection of crops across India. The primary objective of the scheme has been to prevent the introduction and spread of exotic pests that are destructive to crops and it also aims at facilitating the safe global trade of crops by way of assisting the producers and exporters. There are various important activities that are carried out as a part of ensuring protection of crops within this scheme and these include inspection of imported agricultural commodities in preventing the introduction of exotic pests (Department of Agriculture and Cooperatio n, 2014). The scheme also looks back towards different important areas in ensuring that the complete level of protection of crops is being ensured. It mainly includes detection of exotic pests and diseases that are already introduced through the application of domestic quarantine regulations, performing pest risk analysis (PRA) in order to finalise the import of plant/material etc. These initiatives by the Indian government in the form of various such schemes are aimed at ensuring the complete level of protection of crops so that agricultural productivity can be enhanced. Seed is the basic and most crucial input from the point of view of sustaining agricultural performance and its protection is therefore essential from the point of view of promoting entire agricultural performance. The Indian government has performed a major restructuring of the seed industry by way of introducing measures that are aimed at protecting the crops and ultimately the agricultural industry as a whole (Indian Seed S ector, 2014). Thus, the analysis of the political conditions as prevalent across India with respect to governing the crops indicates that there has been higher level of governmental interference in the process. This suggests that Nu-Farm has to comply with the necessary legislations in order to perform the introduction of its business in Indian markets. There are tighter regulations aimed at preserving the agricultural environment and its performance across India and it is therefore essential that these conditions should be adequately addressed for the purpose of efficiently doing business in the Indian markets. There are regulations aimed at governing the import of seeds and other crop materials and since Nu-Farm is aimed at providing materials that ensure protection of agricultural crops from being affected by insects, there is good potential that Nu-Farm is positively allowed in doing its business because the main purpose of the offerings of Nu-Farm complies with that of the requirements for In dian government in importing seeds (Plant Protection, 2014). As Nu-Farm provides products that are aimed at protecting the agricultural crops, the analysis of the main purpose of Indian government behind framing the above indicated policies is to ensure that crops are being protected and agricultural productivity is improved. This can be positively accomplished by the Indian farmers by way of considering the usage of large number of products that are provided by Nu-Farms in ensuring the protection of seeds. This higher level of compatibility of the offerings of Nu-Farm with that of the political conditions that are prevalent across India suggests that there has been higher opportunities available to it in achieving higher level of success and growth in its performance. Overall, the assessment of the political conditions across Indian markets implies that the market has been supportive from the point of view of Nu-Farm expanding its operations and there would be higher level of compatibility that it would witness with that of Indian government policies in importing crop related items (Natural Disasters and Crop Protection, 2014). Economical Conditions: Apart from the political conditions, the role of economic conditions is also crucial as it directly impacts the performance of an industry. The economic factor indicates about the growth of the entire industry and since Nu-Farm is focused towards providing products that is aimed at protecting the agricultural crops in the industry. An analysis with respect to the economic performance of the Indian crop protection industry indicates that the prediction as made by FICCI implies that the industry will grow at 12%. From the point of view of performance of Indian economy in terms of crop protection, it has been analysed that the industry has not been effective in assuring the protection of crops. As for instance, the Indian Journal of Ecology Report indicates that crop losses because of non usage of pesticides were about 17.5% in India in 2011. The loss as a result of this has been identified as Rs 90000 crores which has been a massive loss faced by the industry (In dian crop protection industry will grow at 12%, predicts FICCI, 2015). This particular economic condition in respect to the economic performance of Indian economy with respect to crop protection industry suggests that there has been ample of opportunities left in the industry for the crop protection solution provider to achieve better performance in respect to Indian farmers and thereby accounting for both the economys growth and the companys growth. The prediction as made in respect to the growth of Indian crop protection industry suggests that the compound annual growth rate of 12% is expected by the financial year 2019 to reach a figure of $7.5 billion. However, the current performance as estimated was around $4.25 billion in financial year 2014. The Indian crop protection industry has been identified as extensively huge as it is considered as second largest in Asia with a size of above Rs 26000 crores. The percapita consumption of crop protection products in India is identified as lowest in the world, and this has affected the performance of agricul ture in a adverse way (Indian crop protection industry will grow at 12%, predicts FICCI, 2015). The main issue that has been noted in respect to the Indian farmers is that they are uneducated which restricts them from adapting appropriate measures aimed at ensuring efficient level of attainment of productivity in their performance. It is therefore essential that there should be appropriate measures that should be considered by the Indian government along with the manufacturers in educating Indian farmers. This could be by way of working positively with the farmers by these manufacturers in educating them so that they can undertake appropriate measures aimed at enhancing the overall productivity level of agricultural sector in the economy which would account for overall economys growth and development. The large scale usage of pesticides is essential for the purpose of ensuring the protection of crops which has been a major issue identified in respect to the performance of the Indian economy. The products supporting crop protection as sold by Nu-Farm should therefore aimed at ed ucating the Indian farmers so that they can efficiently address the adverse performance condition as faced by Indian farmers with respect to their agricultural performance (Indian crop protection industry will grow at 12%, predicts FICCI, 2015). Socio-Cultural Conditions: Apart from the economic conditions and the political conditions affecting the crop protection industry in India, this section of analysis is now focused towards analysing the impact of socio-cultural conditions impacting the performance of such industry. The socio-cultural trend mainly implies the societal values as shared by individuals in the industry. The main customers for the crop protection products are usually the farmers, and it is therefore essential that appropriate strategies should be considered aimed at targeting the farmers. However, an analysis of the socio cultural trend as prevalent in respect to the Indian farmers with respect to the usage of crop protection measures indicate that the Indian farmers are positively acceptable to important measures that ensures the protection of their agriculture, but with respect to the usage of chemicals, it has been assessed that the socio cultural trend as prevalent within Indian farmer implies that they are less attractive with respect to the usage of chemicals (Jha, 2012). An analysis of farmers in India suggests that Indian farmers have started to supplement their agro needs with bio-options and in some cases, they have completely replaced the use of chemical pesticides with biocides. There has been the application of bio product by almost all the farmers in order to give strength to the growth of the plant. This suggests that the Indian farmers have become highly aware of the impact of chemicals in the productivity of their agricultural produce. This leads to their low level of attraction of Indian farmers with respect to the usage of chemicals in their production process. The farmers are becoming smart entrepreneurs in India and they are focused towards using smart and modern methods of farming. There has also been the usage of capital intensive water management solutions that are being utilised by Indian farmers (Jha, 2012). The socio cultural trend therefore indicates that there has been higher level of response rates for the bio efficient products within Indian farmers. This indicates that the attainment of higher level of success can be possible to the organisation such as Nu-Farm by way of focusing extensively towards providing crop protective products that are bio friendly, and does not involve any kinds of chemicals in it. This is mainly because the socio-cultural trend within Indian farmers implies that they do not prefer the usage of chemicals in their agricultural produce. This suggests that Nu-Farm needs to make it sure that the products as offered by it are free from chemicals usage in it. It needs to provide products that can work in ensuring crop safety even when the pesticides become ineffective. The acceptability of farmers with respect to the crop protection products increases when they see that the products are working at their own farm (Jha, 2012). Overall, the socio cultural trends as prevalent within Indian farmers have been quite crucial to Nu-Farm in framing strategies that are aimed at targeting them with its crop protection products. Technological Factor: The implication of technology is evident in respect to every major sector, and its role and importance is also evident in respect to the agricultural industry in particular. The agricultural industry in particular makes use of technology for the purpose of achieving efficient protection of the agricultural produce. There has been the application of cutting edge technology that has been utilised by Indian farmers in order to ensure protection of their agricultural produce from insect, weed or any other issues. There are certain companies in India that accounts for providing high quality and cutting edge technology in ensuring that the Indian farmers are completely benefitted in the process of manufacturing agricultural produce (Reddy, 2012). The role of technology is crucial in agricultural industry of India, and the companies providing efficient technological solutions therefore have the better chances of achieving success in the Indian markets. Nu-Farm specialises in providing crop protective products to farmers, and by way of considering the advanced technological systems to support such crop produce across the country, it could be possible to achieve higher level of growth to the firm in the Indian markets. The acceptability within Indian farmers also suggests that they are acceptable to latest technologies in performing the management of their agricultural produce and this has therefore been a positive factor to Nu-Farm from the point of view of targeting its customers in such Indian markets. Technology has been crucial in every major industry and its significance is also evident in respect to Indian agricultural industry with the positive acceptability as identified within Indian farmers for the same (Crop Protecti on India, 2015). Legal: The legal framework implies about the legal rules and implications that are applicable in respect to the performance of an industry. In respect to the agricultural industry, it is also affected by certain main rules and policies that govern the performance of industry players within such industry. The application of legal implication in respect to the performance of agricultural industry in Indian economy is identified from the fact that there are specific legal legislations that have been developed and they are primarily aimed at guiding the performance of the entire agricultural industry in particular. As for instance, the legal policies and legislations as applicable to the performance of seed and crop protection in India includes the Indian Seed Act and Patent Act that have been passed in 2004. These acts are aimed at regulating the performance of the Indian agricultural industry especially with respect to the protection of crops (Shiva, 2005). The companies that are dealing in India, and supports the protection of crops are therefore required to make sure that they comply with the above indicated laws and legal implications that are applicable. They can ensure the successful performance of their business processes by making it sure that they comply with the norms and policies as indicated within these acts (Rao and Guru, 2010). Apart from the above legal acts that have been introduced recently in India, an analysis indicates that there are various other acts that are applicable from the past, and they have been quite significant from the point of view of regulating the performance of the entire industry. As for instance, the Destructive Insect and Pest Act were passed in 1914 and they were supplemented by other provisions. This suggests that there has been significant level of legal implication over the performance of agriculture industry in India, and the firms operating in the country are therefore required to make it su re that they complies with them in a positive way. As in respect to Nu-Farm, it is required to achieve compliance with these applicable legal implications (Rangaswami and Mahadevan, 1998). Foreign Direct Investment: The foreign direct investment scenario is also crucial to examine before performing the expansion into a particular country. It is mainly the government of an economy that affects the foreign direct investment scenario within the economy as it has specific roles and regulations that governs the flow of foreign direct investment within the economy. In many cases, there has been the consideration of tighter rules and regulations by the Indian government that are aimed at protecting the domestic producers from international players. As in respect to the performance of crop protection industry, it has been analysed that there is no such regulations being imposed by the Indian government with respect to the performance of foreign direct investment by the international companies. FDI in India is permitted to the extent of 100% which suggests that foreign companies such as Nu-Farm can easily perform the expansion of its business process in Indian markets (FDI in a griculture sector is permitted up to 100% under the automatic route, subject to certain conditions mentioned in Consolidated FDI Policy, 2013). The foreign direct investment scenario especially in respect to crop protection sector is identified as open in India as the international companies can positively support their business activities and processes. This is evident from the case example of DuPont which has been a US based company that supports the performance of agriculture in the Indian industry. DuPont Agriculture brings innovative science and solutions aimed at meeting out the challenges faced by farmers today. DuPont provides complete protection with respect to growing crops from any kinds of weeds, insects etc and it has massive level of presence in the Indian economy which suggests that there are no such FDI regulations affecting the performance of foreign companies in India (DuPont, 2015). Financial: The role of financial condition is also crucial in undertaking decisions aimed at expanding the operations of a business. As in the given case, Nu-Farm is considering its expansion in the Indian markets, and this requires an assessment of the financing infrastructure that has been supported across Indian economy. The financing infrastructure is essential so that international businesses can perform the expansion of their business processes and activities in a highly efficient manner. An analysis of the case of Indian economy in particular suggests that the financing infrastructure has been highly supportive as there are various such financing firms that support the businesses undertaken by foreign firms in India. There are financing agencies including micro finance companies that support the performance of international companies in a positive way (Financing Agencies Providing Custom Services To Farmers, 2014). Overall, the analysis above has indicated about the external environment conditions that Nu-Farm is likely to face and it has been assessed that the situation is positive from the point of view of Nu-Farm expanding into Indian markets. Conclusion and Recommendations This part of the report has analysed the external environment conditions as prevalent in India in respect to the decision of Nu-Farm in expanding into the Indian markets. The analysis of the external environment conditions through the important elements of PESTLE analytical tool has indicated that there has been higher level of support that is likely to witness by Nu-Farm from expanding into the Indian markets. The analysis of political, legal and technological environment including the FDI situation has resulted into the identification that these environmental factors positively supports the growth and expansion of Nu-Farm in the Indian markets. Recommendations: Based on the entire analysis as carried out in respect to the external environment affecting the crop protection industry in India, there is certain major recommendations that are considered essential in respect to Nu-Farm in achieving success in its expansion decision to India. These recommendations are indicated as follows: It is recommended that Nu-Farm should make proper level of compliance with the applicable legal acts in Indian agriculture industry. This is mainly because the legal acts are aimed at specifically governing the performance of the crop protection in India. It is also recommended that Nu-Farm should avoid using chemicals in the products that it offers in order to ensure the protection of crops, because the Indian farmers resists against the use of any kinds of chemicals. It is recommended that Nu-Farm should look towards gaining positive level of support by way of aligning its objectives and purposes with that of the governmental goals and policies. This is likely to ensure the attainment of higher growth levels. Since FDI is allowed to the extent of 100%, it is recommended that Nu-Farm should consider its expansion into the Indian markets in a positive way. Based on the implementation of these recommendations, the future scenario of Nu-Farm in India by 2018 would be the efficient performance in the industry in terms of occupying a larger market share in it. References Crop Protection India, (2015) [Online]. Available at: https://www.dupont.co.in/products-and-services/crop-protection.html [Accessed: 08 February 2015]. DuPont, (2015) [Online]. Available at: https://www.dupont.co.in/industries/agriculture.html [Accessed: 08 February 2015]. Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, (2014) [Online]. 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